" TELECOMMUNICATIONS " JOURNAL
[THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS SINCE 1951]
OFFICE OF CGM, T&D CIRCLE, SANCHAR VIKAS BHAWAN,
JABALPUR- 482001 (MP)
ARTICLE BANK CATEGORY:
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES
[FROM LATEST MARCH & APRIL 2002 ISSUE BACKWARDS
UPTO JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2001 ISSUE]
March
& April 2002 Issue:
SMS-BASED
CUSTOMER SERVICE APPLICATIONS
In the present
telecommunications scenario, it is necessary to reach out to the customer and
offer him many services, however small, as a matter of convenience. SMS is one
such platform for the service provider. SMS-based content services are becoming
quite popular and service providers need to constantly innovate and offer them
as value added services. With growing popularity of SMS, this can also become a
useful addition to customer care facilities. There are many ways in which it can
be exploited for delivering customer services. This Article deals some of them
along with the system description, SMS gateway features and system operation
.
A.K.Bhargava
General Manager (IT), MTNL
Delhi
DWDM
SYSTEM & TESTING
Dense Wavelength Division
Multiplexing (DWDM) is a new born multiplexing technology in the fibre optic
transmission, bring about a revolution in the bit rate carrying capacity over a
single fibre. The components and functions of DWDM systems have unique feature
and need unique testing. This Article presents the overview of the DWDM system
and highlights its important testing aspects.
H.Saha
DET A/T (Trans),
Kolkata
&
N.Anowar
SDE A/T(Trans),
Kolkata
RAMAN
AMPLIFICATION
Raman Amplification,
known since long to scientific community, could not be utilized since 1980s for
want of high power pump lasers. Further, its entry was delayed in 1990s, as
Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFAs) became the focus instead. Raman
Amplification was resurrected as a viable commercial technology only in 1999.
This Article presents an overview of Raman Amplification, in high bandwidth and
ultra-long haul networks.
Neeraj
Panday
Sr.DSTE Central Railway,
Jabalpur
VIRTUAL
PRIVATE NETWORK
For major corporate and
several other organizations, transporting data in huge volumes has become a
daily routine and the communication network is utilized by paying a heavy cost.
Virtual Private Network (VPN) comes handy as the same work can be carried out at
a lower cost with full security using a public network. Here, Internet is the
main transport carrier and packet switching on TCP/IP is exploited by adding a
number of advanced mechanisms. Many features of VPN technology, some of the
Critical functions that govern VPN such as authentication, access control and
encryption/decryption for data security are described in this Article. Different
types of architectures and various protocols in use for VPN implementation are
also included.
A.Ganesan
DE OCB TAX, Chennai
Telephones
DATA
CENTERS
Data Centers emerge as a
core sector of IT business world. Most of the ISPs (internet Service Providers)
and private enterpreneurs concentrate more on these areas. Modern technology and
business needs drive the corporate to integrate their applications in a Central
location so that the ways and needs of accessing, controlling and maintaining
them become easy. This Article focuses mainly on the design, development and
maintenance of the Data Centers.
S.Srinivasan
DGM, VSNL
Chennai
January
& February 2002 Issue:
WEB-BASED
DIRECTORY ENQUIRY SYSTEMON LINUX
Many BSNL units have
implemented Directory Enquiry Systems on their websites. In this Article, a
simple method for developing a powerful Directory Enquiry System is explained
using free software tools on Linux, using a relatively unknown RDBMS called
MySQL available freely. My SQL is quite powerful for small to medium sized
databases applications. Such a Directory Enquiry System is successfully
operational at Kolkata Telephones websites. A complete know-how for this system
is offered for use in any BSL unit.
Tapas Kumar
Sen
General Manager (IT), Kolkata
Telephones
ON-LINE
CHEQUE DEPOSITORY MACHINE
Subscribers today face a
lot of difficulties in making bill payments which hampers revenue collection as
well as leads to customer dissatisfaction. It is therefore necessary to
introduce new facilities to address such systems. On-line Cheque Depository
Machine (CDM) is one such example, which can take care of such customer related
problems. This Article deals with the system components, system operation and
the security aspects of this machine.
A.K.Bhargava
General Manager (IT), MTNL, New
Delhi
OPTICAL
FIBRE SYSTEMS
While the advantages of
Optical Fibre Cable installed in length and breadth of the country are amazing.
It is essential to ensure that these systems are maintained for trouble free and
uninterrupted services. In case of any trouble in the system, it should be
identified swiftly and rectified immediately with a minimum downtime. To achieve
this, it is mandatory that everyone concerned with the maintenance of the OF
systems are well informed of various preventive and fault repair activities.
This Article is aimed to highlight the important activities for the effective
maintenance of Short haul OF systems, for better
performance.
P.V.Karunanithi
DGM, Thanjavur,
Tamilnadu+
FEATURES
OF VOIP
Voice over Internet
Protocol (VoIP) is an upcoming technology and is likely to benefit the customer
by reducing the costs further. It is likely that this technology will be
legalized soon. This Article presents an overview of features of VoIP and its
implementation.
Ambrish
Agrawal
Retired General Manager, T&D Circle,
Jabalpur
E-COMMERCE
Electronic Commerce
(E-Commerce) is the latest buzz-word in the industry. This Article tries to
outline the concept of E-Commerce, the main advantages and disadvantages.
Various factors that contribute to achieve new dimension in improving the
economical efficiency of any business by implementing E-Commerce have been
analyzed. Different types of E-commerce available and various models which are
suitable to different types of business, with currently existing sites as
examples, are listed with brief description. Security related problems in the
system due to the unlimited accessibility and the security standards deployed to
overcome such deficiencies are also included. The present rate of growth of
E-Commerce in the trade is definitely encouraging and is going to change the way
the business will be transacted in future.
A.Ganesan
DE OCB TAX, Chennai
Telephones
INTERFACE
V5.2
The V reference points
are ITU-T Recommendations describing configuration of the Access Digital
Section. They are all reference points in an architecture where ISDN traffic is
carried through an Access Network to
Local Exchange. V5.2 is one of the full-fledged interface which can carry
both ISDN and PSTN traffic. All the telecom switches available in the market
today (EWSD, OCB-283, C-DOT, 5ESS, AXE etc.) are V5.2 compatible, and therefore,
access network based on FILL (Fibre in Local Loop) and WLL (Wireless in Local
Loop) without having complex switching and advance features can be parented to
new technology switches, extending all the features to users
transparently.
Ved Prakash
Verma
DE(Installation), Kanpur
Telephones
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE IN TELEPHONE NETWORKING
Now-a-days new
communication networks are being planned to overcome the huge demand versus
supply gap. Alternatively where feasible, an attempt can be made to integrate
the available resources together so that they can be utilized to their full
capacity. In this Article, the author suggests an idea of integrating various
networks together by creating a database, highlighting Artificial Intelligence
(AI) techniques.
Dr.Rajesh
B.Lohani
Professor, Electronics & Telecom, Goa
College of Engineering, Ponda, GOA
PAIR
GAN SYSTEMS
The Pair gain systems are
essentially for multiplying the number of subscriber circuits on conventional
copper loops. These systems provide simultaneous transmission of Voice, Data and
Signaling between subscribers and exchange using interface technology. This
Article presents an overview of these systems.
Ved Prakash
Verma
DE(Installation),
Kanpur Telephones
November
& December 2001 Issue:
BLUE
TOOTH
This Article gives a
brief introduction of Bluetooth technology, a new universal radio interface
enabling electronic devices to connect and communicate wirelessly via short
range connections. Key features of Bluetooth technology are robustness, low
complexity, low power and low cost.
K.Sridhara
DDG (Networks), TEC, New Delhi
&
Rajehwar
Dayal
ADG (NT), TEC, New
Delhi
WIRELESS
INTERNET
Wireless Internet is
envisaged as a single solution to effectively address the shortcomings of
Wireless and Internet technologies. It not only enables accessing the services
offered by Internet from mobile phones thereby overcoming the constraint imposed
by the Internet, but also allows the network operators to host wireless data
services on Internet platform. This Articles presents a detailed view of
wireless Internet and its working.
G.C.Manna
Director (ES-II), BRBRAITT,
Jabalpur
3G
CELLULAR NETWORK
In the near future,
mobility will not be an add-on feature. People will expect access to the
information, communication and entertainment services wherever they are. The
need for a wide range of services requiring more and more bandwidth coupled with
advantages of a cellular network, has created the need for Third Generation (3G)
cellular mobile network. IMT-2000 provides the standards required for various
operators to migrate to entirely a new era of
communications.
Rajiv
Kumar
DGM (Trans. Faculty), ALTTC,
Ghaziabad
&
S.K.Verma
DGM(WLL-GSM), Bangalore Telecom District,
Bangalore
GLOBAL
SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
This Article presents the
basic inherent concepts of GSM. These include FDMA, cellular areas covered with
frequency re-use technique, FM, speech analysis/synthesis (vocoder with
bandwidth reduction technique), convolution technique for error correction,
GMSK, FDMA to TDMA transition and vice-versa, circuit switching and OMC for
software loading and operations of the e-machines. All these concepts became
fruitful because of the corresponding digital hardware and software
availability.
P.Sarath
Babu
DGM (Plg & Admn), O/o.GMTD,
Thiruvalla, Kerala
GRPS
- A PATH TO 3G
MOBILE
General Packet Radio
Service (GRPS) is essentially a stepping stone towards achieving higher access
speed for existing mobile user of GSM network by applying Packet Switching to
suit bursty and asynchronous nature of data traffic. This Article presents an
overview of GPRS and its working.
Neeraj
Pandey
Sr.Divisional Signal & Telecom.
Engineer, Central Rly, Jabalpur
GSM
CELL BROADCAST SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE
The GSM Cell Broadcast
Short Message Service (GSM-CBSMS) provides a connectionless transfer of message
with limited size. The Cell Broadcast Short Message Service (CBSMS) is analogous
to the Teletext service offered on television. It permits a number of
unacknowledged messages to be broadcast to all receivers within a broadcast
area. There are two types of short message services. These are Cell broadcast
service and Point-to-point service. This Article provides information on CBSMS
protocol architecture, message primitives and network
architecture.
Shive
Narayan
Research Engineer, CDOT, New
Delhi
AN
INSIGHT INTO WAP
The ICE (Information,
Communication, Entertainment) phenomenon is spreading faster and the
technological convergence of these fields has coined a new buzz word to the
world as WAP. A lot of things about WAP are only heard so far! This Article
gives an insight into what is WAP, with its basics, its links with familiar
world of Internet and mobile communication and its architecture of
layers.
Mrs.Shashi
Banzal
Asstt. Professor, PMB Gujrati Science
College, Indore
BLUETOOTH
- A WORLD WITHOUT WIRES
Bluetooth emerges as a
global defacto standard for connectivity in the wireless world and becoming a
trend setter for future mobile technology. It sets a standard in providing
connectivity between millions of mobile devices like cell phone, laptop and many
other portable devices. In simple terms 'It is a cable replacement technology of
the future'. This Article presents an overview of Bluetooth
technology.
S.Srinivasan
DGM, VSNL
DECT
TECHNOLOGY
The mobile communications
revolution began with the advent of cellular radio technology, and the
widespread introduction of mobile phone services. This latest stage in the
revolution is all about extending communications mobility to people within their
working or home environments. The key ingredient in the latest mobile
communications development is a new digital radio standard called Digital
Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT). What started as a purely European
initiative, to develop a unified digital radio standard for cordless phones, has
attracted world-wide attention, and is being applied to a wide range of
telecommunications applications for the home and office. So far, the DECT
standard has been adopted for use in 26 countries and the number if
growing.
Raghav
Dube
B.E.(Electronics) [Final year] Motilal
Nehru REC, Allahabad
September
& October 2001 Issue:
MULTI-SERVICE
NETWORK
Today’s
telecom operators, often have several networks to manage one for each
application (tele, data, mobile, leased lines etc). Striving to reduce
operational costs for these networks creates a demand for a single Multi-service
network capable of carrying all of the services currently provided by several
different networks. This Article presents an overview of ATM-based Multi-service
network.
N.K.
Gupta
DDG (I), TEC, New Delhi.
COMPUTERIZED
RURAL TELECOM NETWORK PLANNING
Computer is an essential tool for network lanning. The data required for
computerized rural telecom network planning includes geographical co-ordinates,
population, facilities and important activities of the area under consideration.
Any network planning tool works on this data and existing network. This Article
presents the case study of computerized network planning carried out by Telecom
Engineering Centre (TEC) in Karnal
SSA.
Maya
Saxena
DDG (E), TEC, New
Delhi.
VOICE
OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
The biggest
problem faced by voice over packet networks is that of providing the end users
the Quality of Service (QoS) that they get in a traditional telephony network.
There are multiple parameters that determine the QoS provided by a network.
These include delay, the delay jitter and the packet loss experienced in a
network. Two other key issues affecting Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) are
maintaining network transparency and providing interworking between
heterogeneous networks. VoIP
applications include Internet telephony, VoIP-based call centers and
trunking applications. For faster deployment, the ITU-T and the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IEETF) are developing VoIP-related standards, including
H-323, Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)/MEGACO and Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP), to ensure vendor interoperability. This Article discusses the
various aspects of VoIP, including the challenges, application areas and the
standards.
Sameer
Gupta
Dy GM (New Services), in
A&N Telecom Circle at Portblair.
INTERACTIVE
DISTANCE LEARNING SYSTEM
The Interactive Distance Learning System installed at BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
with the help of UNDP is a private network dedicated for remote Training and
Learning. It is based on a Control system, Hub Station and studio located in
Jabalpur with the remote learning center initially limited to other training
centers within the footprints of the satellite.
B.K.
Gupta
Dy GM
(Training Management) in BRBRAITT, Jabalpur.
CORBA
In the present day’s world of rapid technological changes, as the time is
progressing, it is anticipated that the E-commerce will be spreading faster with
deeper penetration in the market of Business to Customer (B2C). Even now in the
B2B scenario, different platforms, different codes and different operating
systems demand a common set of interfacing technique, parallel to what is TCP/IP
for the networking protocol. CORBA is evolving to serve on these lines. This
Article explains about the CORBA, its need and advantages with insight to how it
is used and where.
Mrs. Shashi
Banzal
Asst. Professor in PMB Gujrati Science
College, Indore.
SERVER
BASED COMPUTING
Thin clients & Server based Computing method in which Server based
Computing is used, using thin clients, is gaining importance now-a-days. This is
ideal model for majority of the Markets, Corporates, Education & Research
Institutions, ISPs/ASPs etc. This model can ensure proven and tangible cost
saving. There are about 12 lac Units now and estimated to increase up to 36 lac
Units in 2002. This model will be able to deliver windows-application to
non-windows Desktops and gains further popularity due to increased use of
Intranets & Internet and adoption of
Server Centric access based computing models.
P.
Ammireddy
DE (External), Rajahmundry, in AP Telecom
Circle.
July
& August 2001 Issue:
IN-
CONCEPT, ARCHITECTURE AND SERVICES
The
one cost-effective method of enhancing the capability of the telecom network is
the implementation of Intelligent Network (IN) concept. IN services are provided
by separating the switching function from the service function, and therefore,
it is possible to have a centralized database and service control for providing
the IN services. The centralized control has the advantage in terms of
implementation cost and ease of maintenance. This Article deals with the
concept, basic architecture and the important services that can be provided
through the implementation of IN.
GM (N), T&D Circle,
Jabalpur
INTELLIGENT
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE FOR CONVERGENCE
The growing
demands for more faster and user specific telecommunication services have paved
the way for evolution of Intelligent Network (IN). The concept of IN is
architecture independent, thus providing the much needed flexibility to the
service provider to enhance or modify the services akin to the demands of the
users. This Article presents a comprehensive view of IN and examines its role in
convergence in telecommunication services scenario.
M.P.
Singh
C-DOT,
New Delhi
IN-
NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Intelligent Network
(IN) is a value added service deployed in DOT/BSNL Network since 1999. The
International trend in IN platform in terms of inherent demands will definitely
force the network developer and provider to devise ways and means for new
services. The Universal Personal Telecommunication will be one such service in
that direction. The implementation of IN services in Indian network is discussed
in this Article.
R.N.
Palai
Dy. General Manager (Data Network) In
Kolkata Telephones
ROUTING
PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS
Routers are
special purpose communication devices (or software package) that handle the
connection between two or more networks. Routers spend all their time looking at
the destination addresses of packets passing through them and decide the route
to send them. This Article covers the basic routing principles and applications,
which help to manage the traffic on the network in most efficient
manner.
S.
Srinivasan
Dy. General Manager, VSNL,
Chennai
INTELLIGENT
NETWORK SERVICES
Very recently
Intelligent Network (IN) services have been commissioned in various places.
These services are such that one can utilize them as per his/her choice. These
services are even useful to those people who either have no telephone connection
or are having a telephone without STD or ISD facility. Even in developed or
developing countries where telephone densities are quite high, Pre-paid cards
are being used on extensive scale. IN services were launched in Patna in the
month of October/November 1999 and at present about 41860 subscribers are on
roll for Virtual Card Calling (VCC ) service.
Prakash
Nath
SDE-EWSD Installation in Patna
Telephones
'IN'
SERVICES IN KANNUR SSA
The introduction of
Intelligent Network (IN) services has given a new dimension to the telecom
services implementation, and the Virtual Calling Card (VCC) service introduced
by BSNL is becoming very popular. In this Article, VCC service implementation in
Kannur SSA (which is multi district SSA) is considered for providing an
overview.
L.
Anatharam
GM (Development), Kannur, Kerala Telecom
Circle
ACCEPTANCE
TESTING OF 'IN' SERVICES
Intelligent Network
(IN) services are being introduced in a big way in Telecom Network keeping in
view the increasing demand for them. These have given a new dimension to the
telecom services scenario and customer satisfaction. This Article presents a
comprehensive view of Acceptance Testing (A/T) procedures of IN services, which
are essential for ensuring their satisfactory performance.
S.
Narasiman
DET A/T (SW)-CHTD,
Chennai
&
Sekar
Babu
SDE A/T (SW),
Chennai
May & June 2001
Issue:
Internet is
an evolving phenomenon that is having all round impact on the society. Its
presence and benefit are widely being felt by the people living in rich
countries and urban people of even developing countries, but large population of
the world is still deprived of its benefits. Internet on the other hand is such
a technology that has the potential not only to bridge the communication gap
between the rich and the poor, but can even help in bridging the economic gap.
Due to its potential to change the lives of the people, ITU this time on the
occasion of World Telecommunications Day chose the theme of the year as “The
Internet: Challenges’, Opportunities and Prospects. This Article is a tribute to
this theme of the ITU.
The
Information Technology (IT) Division of Tamilnadu Circle has made a modest
attempt to implement Intranet with a PC and a telephone line using the available
hardware and software, without any extra investment, making available E-Mail,
File Transfer and applications with interactive web pages for Telecom Circle
scenario. This Article describes how the experiment has grown to a full-fledged
networking solution providing Intranet services, thus ushering in a change
towards a paperless technology with in-house expertise.
This Article deals with the problem of
present high cost of building projects, and as a remedy, suggests the use of
information technology and the Internet in construction management. It is about
how project members can collaborate on-line, to ensure total participation in
the design process, reducing communication gap etc, and thus save a lot of
energy and cost in the process. It also outlines the changing nature of the
architect’s function in keeping with times where, he assumes the role of the
on-line project co-ordinate, besides his designing activities. It is envisaged
that in near future, construction documents will not resemble conventional
drawings anymore, but rather virtual reality environments with hot links to
details, specifications, and manufacturers’ instructions. This minimizes
conflicts, and identifies potential problems before they occur in the field. The
data used to produce the building will also monitor and maintain it, and extend
the services of the architect considerably.
The exponential growth of the Internet has shown a rate of innovation
that could be considered unique in human history. What started-off as a simple
project to connect a few computers together evolved into what is now a global
‘network of network’. The growth of Internet telephony in the past brings up the
issue, whether the Internet will remain simply a network of computers or whether
it will develop into an integrated network connecting all types of devices,
which could even challenge the existing telephone network, PSTN. The focus of
this Article is to consider some technical and economic aspects related with the
issues of Internet Telephony.
Chennai
Telephones is involved in major computerization activities relating to Fault
Repair Service, Commercial Transactions, Directory Enquiry, TR Billing and
Accounting etc. Accent is also bestowed on developing small user- friendly
application packages with windows based RDBMSs, that met the immediate needs of
its field units to serve the subscribers. This Article describes the salient
features of one such application namely ‘Pick the Pair’.
P.
Ramakrishnan
DGM
(Computer), Chennai Telephones, Chennai
S.
Venkataraman
SDE,
Computer Wing, Chennai Telephones, Chennai
Mar & Apr 2001
Issue:
BRIDGING THE DIGITAL
DIVIDE
Advances
in Information Technology (IT) will cause enormous changes in our economic,
social and cultural activities on a global scale. IT will break through the
existing barriers of space & time and dramatically change our values and
social & economic structure. These changes can be called results of
Information Revolution. Compared to bridging the digital divide appears to be
more easy with proper foresight and strategy. Perhaps, the slogan in Information
Technology will go as ‘digital unite’.
V.K.
Mahendra
DDG
(IT), BSNL, New Delhi.
PHONES ON
MOVE
The
phones are really on move, both in terms of physical mobility and the ever
increasing list of services which can be accessed over these tiny devices. In
fact mobile telephone, combining the capabilities of a telephone, a computer, a
television and a personal diary is a boon for the present day society. This
Article presents an overview of the evolution and present status of Mobile
Communications.
Rajiv
Kumar
Director
(TR), ALLTTC, Ghziabad
GSM SIM
CARD
The
Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication is spreading rapidly amalgamating
new technologies in line with the demand for user specific mobile services in
the country. In GSM, each subscriber is issued a Subscriber Identity Module
(SIM) Card by the operator, which will be his ‘Key’ to interface with the
Network. This Article presents a comprehensive view of SIM Cards, their
components, physical & electrical characteristics and functions,
highlighting the security features.
P.K.
Agarwal
GM
(IT), MTNL, New Delhi
&
Deepak
Chanduka
DGM
(IT), MTNL, New Delhi
PACKETS FLOW ON
INTERNET
The
growth of Internet has transformed the communications from voice-centric to
data-centric. The number of netizens is expected to cross the billion mark
shortly, and the success of Internet is said to be largely due to the efficient
flow of data packets using TCP/IP protocol. This Article presents the basic
concepts of flow of data packets on Internet.
Ambrish
Agarwal
Retired
GM, DOT, New Delhi
OBJECT-ORIENTED
ARCHITECTURAL-SOFTWARE
Over
the past fifteen years, software tools have been developed for desktop computers
that primarily facilitate the documentation of the design solution, typically in
the form of electronic construction documents. For the most part, the design
process has not been addressed by Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD)
programs. This Article is about the development of architectural software,
through it’s past, present and the coming future. It also emphasizes the need to
use the latest object oriented software, in order to achieve a foundation for
smooth and efficient design process.
Subrata
Chatterjee
Architect,
West Bengal Telecom Circle, Kolcutta
Jan & Feb 2001
Issue:
WAP
NETWORK
The
efforts of Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) forum has provided a global
standard for Internet access for wireless market that is riddled with multiple
proprietary standards. It is a technology that brings advanced services to
mobile user independent of the bearer and the technology of wireless networks.
This Article presents an overview of the architecture of a network over which
WAP services can be accessed by a mobile-user. The functions and features of
various elements of such a network, from the point of view of access to WAP
services, is also given.
K.
Sridhara
DDG
(NT), TEC, New Delhi
&
Rajeshwar
Dayal
ADG
(NT), TEC, New Delhi
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
& MIS
Powers
and flexibility of information Technology (IT) in an organization are derived
from a combination of the capabilities of individual machines, and from the way
those machines are linked and combined. Important facilities that can be derived
include e-mail, voice mail, networks, teleconferencing, data/facsimile
transmission and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). This Article describes the
use of IT in Management Information System (MIS) of an
organization.
H.K.
Verma
Director
(TM), BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
AN OVERVIEW OF
WAP
The
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an attempt to define the standard for how
content from the Internet is filtered for mobile communications. The WAP was
developed because content is now readily available on the Internet, and there
needs to be a way of making it easily available to mobile terminals, One of the
reasons why the mobile industry has got so excited about WAP is because it
combines two of the fastest growing industries: Wireless and the Internet. The
WAP takes a client server approach. It incorporates a relatively simple micro
browser into the mobile phone, requiring only limited resources on the mobile
phone. This makes WAP suitable for thin clients and early smart phones. WAP puts
the intelligence in the WAP Gateways whilst adding just a micro browser to the
mobile phones themselves. The Micro browser-based services and applications
reside temporarily on servers, not permanently in phones. The philosophy behind
Wireless Application Protocol’s approach is to utilize as few resources as
possible on the hand held device and compensate for the constraints of the
device by enriching the functionality of the network. The Wireless Application
Protocol is aimed at turning a mass-market mobile phone into a ‘network-based
smart phone’.
Shive
Narayan
Research
Engineer, C-DOT, New Delhi
E-COMMERCE: THE TOMORROWS
REALITY
The
impact of Information Technology (IT) has totally changed the way business is
done all over the world. Large-scale production became the order of the day,
enabling businesses to spread globally, overcoming geographical and economic
barriers. It paved the way for Electronic Commerce, often abbreviated as
E-commerce. This Article addressed the security aspects in E-commerce, gives a
glimpse of the realm of Credit Card transactions and draft E-commerce Act of
India.
Rajeev
Gupta
DE
(Phones), Benajhabar, Kanpur
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
USING TCP/IP
This
Article discusses about an innovative work management system that utilizes all
the down-to-earth strategies ranging from messaging, electronic filing,
node/call centres to video-conferencing over the Internet/Intranet. It
emphasizes how efficiently voice, data and video could be carried over the IP.
Not necessarily these services are required to be carried over the Internet but
principally it is aimed at driving the concept and its use in larger corporate
set-ups for use over their Intranet (WAN/LAN).
Robert
Ravi
Technical
Manager, TCIL, Kuwait
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TELECOMMUNICATIONS " JOURNAL
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2000- All Rights Reserved
SECRETARY,
TELECOMMUNICATIONS, OFFICE OF CGM, T&D CIRCLE, SANCHAR VIKAS BHAWAN,
JABALPUR- 482001 (MP)
Tel: 91 (761)
623440, 323700. FAX: 91 (761)
322322, 322334
e-mail: [email protected]